Incidencia de las principales enfermedades en el cultivo de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en el Ecuador
| dc.contributor.advisor | Goyes Cabezas, Julio Víctor | |
| dc.contributor.author | Peña Liberio, Jarzara Rafaela | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-10-23T20:44:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-10-23T20:44:13Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/14768 | |
| dc.description | In Ecuador, tobacco is considered a highly profitable crop for producers, considering that the climatic conditions are suitable for a favorable development of quality leaves. All the information obtained was carried out through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, with the only objective of establishing the specific information in correspondence to this project, which has as its theme "Incidence of the main diseases in the tobacco crop (Nicotiana tabacum) in Ecuador. From the above detailed, it was determined that the most frequent diseases that affect the development and potential yield of the crop from the nursery stage to harvest are the following: Blue mold (P. tabaci), pata prieta (P. nicotianae), Frog's eye (C. nicotianae), Fusarium (F. oxysporum) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Blue mold is caused by the fungus P. tabacina and affects young plants in seedlings, from germination to transplanting, different oily aspects appear on the leaves, they lose flaccidity and the plant dies. The fungus F. oxysporum is an important soil-borne pathogen in tobacco cultivation that can cause extensive damage to susceptible tobacco varieties. The disease pata prieta caused by the soil-borne fungus P. nicotianae causes crop losses when soil inoculum is high; it is characterized by large black spots on the leaves with an oily appearance that gradually dry out from the central area. The fungus C. nicotianae causes the first symptoms on the youngest leaves as small round spots with a light brown center; these spots gradually increase in size and cover the entire leaf; in severe infestations, it causes defoliation, resulting in a reduction in the size and quality of tobacco leaves. Chemical control programs allow reducing the incidence and severity of the main diseases in the tobacco crop. Cultural control allows to avoid the presence of the main diseases in the tobacco crop. | es_ES |
| dc.description | In Ecuador, tobacco is considered a highly profitable crop for producers, considering that the climatic conditions are suitable for a favorable development of quality leaves. All the information obtained was carried out through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, with the only objective of establishing the specific information in correspondence to this project, which has as its theme "Incidence of the main diseases in the tobacco crop (Nicotiana tabacum) in Ecuador. From the above detailed, it was determined that the most frequent diseases that affect the development and potential yield of the crop from the nursery stage to harvest are the following: Blue mold (P. tabaci), pata prieta (P. nicotianae), Frog's eye (C. nicotianae), Fusarium (F. oxysporum) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Blue mold is caused by the fungus P. tabacina and affects young plants in seedlings, from germination to transplanting, different oily aspects appear on the leaves, they lose flaccidity and the plant dies. The fungus F. oxysporum is an important soil-borne pathogen in tobacco cultivation that can cause extensive damage to susceptible tobacco varieties. The disease pata prieta caused by the soil-borne fungus P. nicotianae causes crop losses when soil inoculum is high; it is characterized by large black spots on the leaves with an oily appearance that gradually dry out from the central area. The fungus C. nicotianae causes the first symptoms on the youngest leaves as small round spots with a light brown center; these spots gradually increase in size and cover the entire leaf; in severe infestations, it causes defoliation, resulting in a reduction in the size and quality of tobacco leaves. Chemical control programs allow reducing the incidence and severity of the main diseases in the tobacco crop. Cultural control allows to avoid the presence of the main diseases in the tobacco crop. | es_ES |
| dc.description.abstract | En Ecuador el tabaco es considerado un cultivo de alta rentabilidad para los productores, considerando que las condiciones climáticas son adecuadas para un favorable desarrollo de hojas de calidad. Toda la información obtenida fue efectuada mediante la técnica de análisis, síntesis y resumen, con el único objetivo de instaurar la información específica en correspondencia a este proyecto, que lleva por temática “Incidencia de las principales enfermedades en el cultivo de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en el Ecuador. Por lo anteriormente detallado se determinó que las enfermedades más frecuentes que afectan el desarrollo y rendimiento potencial del cultivo desde la etapa de vivero hasta la cosecha son las siguientes: Moho azul (P. tabacina), Pata prieta (P. nicotianae), Ojo de rana (C. nicotianae), Fusarium (F. oxysporum) y el virus del mosaico del tabaco (TMV). El moho azul es causado por el hongo P. tabacina afecta a las plantas jóvenes en plántulas, desde la germinación hasta el trasplante, aparecen en las hojas diferentes aspectos oleosos, pierden flacidez y la planta muere. El hongo F. oxysporum es un patógeno importante en el cultivo de tabaco que se transmite por el suelo y que puede causar grandes daños a las variedades de tabaco susceptibles. La enfermedad pata prieta causada por el hongo del suelo P. nicotianae provoca pérdidas de cultivos cuando el inóculo del suelo es alto; se caracteriza por grandes manchas negras en las hojas de aspecto aceitoso que poco a poco se secan desde la zona central. El hongo C. nicotianae provoca los primeros síntomas en las hojas más jóvenes como pequeñas manchas redondas con el centro de color marrón claro; estas manchas aumentan gradualmente de tamaño y cubren toda la hoja; en infestaciones severas, causa defoliación, lo que resulta en una reducción del tamaño y calidad de las hojas de tabaco. Los programas control químico permiten disminuir las incidencia y severidad de las principales enfermedades en el cultivo de tabaco. El control cultural permite evitar la presencia de las principales enfermedades en el cultivo de tabaco. | es_ES |
| dc.format.extent | 37 p. | es_ES |
| dc.language.iso | es | es_ES |
| dc.publisher | BABAHOYO: UTB, 2023 | es_ES |
| dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Ecuador | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ec/ | * |
| dc.subject | Enfermedades | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Tabaco | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Síntomas | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Daños | es_ES |
| dc.title | Incidencia de las principales enfermedades en el cultivo de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en el Ecuador | es_ES |
| dc.type | bachelorThesis | es_ES |
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