Identificar las principales enfermedades del cultivo de rábano (Raphanus sativus)
| dc.contributor.advisor | Díaz Romero, Orlando | |
| dc.contributor.author | Coello Figueroa, Brayan Steven | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-11-10T14:34:43Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-11-10T14:34:43Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/13166 | |
| dc.description | The production of the radish crop can be affected by several factors, among them, the attack of different microorganisms. This can cause large losses in production, reducing the yield and quality of the bulbs that produce the crop. In Ecuador there are approximately 14,455 cultivated hectares of radish, the main producing provinces are located in the north of the country such as Imbabura, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi and Chimborazo. The main phytosanitary problem in radish cultivation is downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), fungal wilt, leaf septoria, fusarium, downy mildew and black rot. These diseases are common during the months with the highest incidence of humidity. It appears in the form of small yellow spots on the leaves, necrosis and later, after a period of time, these spots turn dark brown, ending up drying them completely, causing between 25 and 75% of the production, postponing the fulfillment of the market demand regarding the quality of radish bulbs, causing rejection in the destination market. On the other hand, in the region where radish cultivation is developed, which is in areas with temperate climates, taking into account that the crop must be protected during times of high temperatures. The crop cycle depends on the climatic conditions, being able to find from 20 days to more than 70 days. Frost occurs at -2ºC. Vegetative development takes place between 6ºC and 30ºC, the best is between 18-22ºC. The optimum germination temperature is between 20-25ºC. It adapts to any type of soil, although it prefers deep, clayey and neutral soils. The pH must range between 5.5 and 6.8. It does not tolerate salinity. In summer, the small roots are harvested after 45 days, the medium ones about 10 days later and the large ones after 70-80 days | es_ES |
| dc.description | The production of the radish crop can be affected by several factors, among them, the attack of different microorganisms. This can cause large losses in production, reducing the yield and quality of the bulbs that produce the crop. In Ecuador there are approximately 14,455 cultivated hectares of radish, the main producing provinces are located in the north of the country such as Imbabura, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi and Chimborazo. The main phytosanitary problem in radish cultivation is downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), fungal wilt, leaf septoria, fusarium, downy mildew and black rot. These diseases are common during the months with the highest incidence of humidity. It appears in the form of small yellow spots on the leaves, necrosis and later, after a period of time, these spots turn dark brown, ending up drying them completely, causing between 25 and 75% of the production, postponing the fulfillment of the market demand regarding the quality of radish bulbs, causing rejection in the destination market. On the other hand, in the region where radish cultivation is developed, which is in areas with temperate climates, taking into account that the crop must be protected during times of high temperatures. The crop cycle depends on the climatic conditions, being able to find from 20 days to more than 70 days. Frost occurs at -2ºC. Vegetative development takes place between 6ºC and 30ºC, the best is between 18-22ºC. The optimum germination temperature is between 20-25ºC. It adapts to any type of soil, although it prefers deep, clayey and neutral soils. The pH must range between 5.5 and 6.8. It does not tolerate salinity. In summer, the small roots are harvested after 45 days, the medium ones about 10 days later and the large ones after 70-80 days | es_ES |
| dc.description.abstract | La producción del cultivo de rábano se puede ver afectada por varios factores, entre ellos, el ataque de diferentes microorganismos. Lo anterior, puede provocar grandes pérdidas en la producción, disminuyendo el rendimiento y calidad de los bulbos que produce el cultivo. Imbabura, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi y Chimborazo son las principales provincias productoras de rabano en las cuales existen un aproximado de 14455 hectáreas sembradas, se demostró que el principal problema fitosanitario en el cultivo de rábano es Mildiu velloso (Peronospora parasítica), marchitamiento fúngico, septoriosis de las hojas, fusarium, mildiu lanoso y pudrición negra. Estas enfermedades comunes durante los meses de mayor incidencia de humedad. Sobre las hojas se suelen notar manchas amarillentas que sigue su proceso hasta mostrase necrosadas y al final de su periodo se tornan color marrón, secando totalmente la hoja, causando rechazo entre el 25 y 75% de la producción, afectando el cumplimiento de la exigencia del mercado en cuanto a la calidad de los bulbos de rábano, provocando el rechazo en el mercado de destino. Por otra parte, en la región donde se desarrolla el cultivo de rábano que es en las zonas templadas. Es de suma importancia tener en cuenta que los cultivos deben de estar protegidos en las épocas del año que hay temperaturas muy elevadas. Las condiciones climáticas juegan un papel importante a la hora del desarrollo del cultivo. El cultivo es tolerante hasta una temperatura de 6°c hasta los 30°c, tendiendo en cuenta que su optimo desarrollo se da entre los 20 y los 25 °c. este cultivo de peude desarrollar en todo suelo, sin embargo, el mejor desarrollo se da en los suelos profundos arcillosos y neutros. El cultivo es intolerante a los suelos salinos, y su Ph debe de estar entre los 5,5 y 6,8. La recolección de las raíces durante la época del verano son, grandes a los 80 días, medianas a los 10 y las pequeñas a los 45 días | es_ES |
| dc.format.extent | 21 p. | es_ES |
| dc.language.iso | es | es_ES |
| dc.publisher | BABAHOYO: UTB, 2022 | es_ES |
| dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Ecuador | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ec/ | * |
| dc.subject | Cultivo | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Enfermedades | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Rechazo | es_ES |
| dc.title | Identificar las principales enfermedades del cultivo de rábano (Raphanus sativus) | es_ES |
| dc.type | bachelorThesis | es_ES |
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