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dc.contributor.advisorIng. Agr. Nessar Rojas Jorgge, MSc
dc.contributor.authorValarezo Perugachi José Luis
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-22T14:05:06Z
dc.date.available2024-11-22T14:05:06Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/17733
dc.descriptionThe present research is a non-experimental study with a non-experimental design with a descriptive - observational, evaluative - explanatory design. The sample size had a confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 10%, where a size of 51 surveys for national cocoa producers and 38 surveys for CCN51 cocoa producers was obtained. To develop this research, the multi-criteria methodology proposed by Sarandón et al., (2006) was used, who considers the use of standardized and weighted indicators for the three dimensions: economic, ecological and sociocultural. The technique used used scales from 0 to 4, with 0 being the least sustainable category and 4, the most sustainable. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn that the characterization of farms considers important aspects of the producers, in the economic, ecological and sociocultural dimensions, including predominant gender, age, access to education, monthly income, destination of animal production, housing tenure and others. The National cocoa producing farms obtained a General Sustainability Index (ISG) of 1.89, achieving a value of 3.0 only in the Sociocultural Indicator (ISC). In the economic and ecological dimensions, they achieved an Economic Indicator (IK) of 1.2 and an Ecological Indicator (IE) of 1.5, respectively. The causes of low sustainability in the National cocoa producing farms are identified, among which the following stand out: little diversification of crops, low productivity, a single marketing channel, irrigation problems, cocoa rows without direction, no management is carried out. integrated pest control or is infrequent, use of traditional fertilization methods, application of chemical fertilizers and producer dissatisfaction with the production system. The CCN-51 cocoa producing farms achieved a General Sustainability Index (ISG) of 2.26, reaching a value of 3.8 only in the Sociocultural Indicator (ISC). In the economic and ecological dimensions, they achieved an Economic Indicator (IK) of 1.5 and an Ecological Indicator (IE) of 1.5, respectively. The causes of low sustainability in the CCN-51 cocoa producing farms were identified, among which the following stand out: little crop diversification, few sources of credit, a single marketing channel, low percentage of vegetation cover, rows of cocoa without direction, minimal temporal biodiversity, dominance of a single variety, infrequent integrated pest management, use of traditional fertilization methods and application of chemical fertilizers. According to the research carried out on the 89 farms studied, 20% of the farms are economically sustainable, 4% ecologically sustainable and 100% socioculturally sustainable. But only 1% of cocoa producing farms met all the sustainability requirements, since in the methodology used all dimensions must reach a value greater than 2 and the General Sustainability Index (ISG) must be greater than 2 The results reflect that important improvements must be made in the evaluated variables, especially in those that obtained a value less than 2, which will lead to optimizing resources, aimed at improving the productive units in the Simón Bolívar canton.es_ES
dc.descriptionThe present research is a non-experimental study with a non-experimental design with a descriptive - observational, evaluative - explanatory design. The sample size had a confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 10%, where a size of 51 surveys for national cocoa producers and 38 surveys for CCN51 cocoa producers was obtained. To develop this research, the multi-criteria methodology proposed by Sarandón et al., (2006) was used, who considers the use of standardized and weighted indicators for the three dimensions: economic, ecological and sociocultural. The technique used used scales from 0 to 4, with 0 being the least sustainable category and 4, the most sustainable. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn that the characterization of farms considers important aspects of the producers, in the economic, ecological and sociocultural dimensions, including predominant gender, age, access to education, monthly income, destination of animal production, housing tenure and others. The National cocoa producing farms obtained a General Sustainability Index (ISG) of 1.89, achieving a value of 3.0 only in the Sociocultural Indicator (ISC). In the economic and ecological dimensions, they achieved an Economic Indicator (IK) of 1.2 and an Ecological Indicator (IE) of 1.5, respectively. The causes of low sustainability in the National cocoa producing farms are identified, among which the following stand out: little diversification of crops, low productivity, a single marketing channel, irrigation problems, cocoa rows without direction, no management is carried out. integrated pest control or is infrequent, use of traditional fertilization methods, application of chemical fertilizers and producer dissatisfaction with the production system. The CCN-51 cocoa producing farms achieved a General Sustainability Index (ISG) of 2.26, reaching a value of 3.8 only in the Sociocultural Indicator (ISC). In the economic and ecological dimensions, they achieved an Economic Indicator (IK) of 1.5 and an Ecological Indicator (IE) of 1.5, respectively. The causes of low sustainability in the CCN-51 cocoa producing farms were identified, among which the following stand out: little crop diversification, few sources of credit, a single marketing channel, low percentage of vegetation cover, rows of cocoa without direction, minimal temporal biodiversity, dominance of a single variety, infrequent integrated pest management, use of traditional fertilization methods and application of chemical fertilizers. According to the research carried out on the 89 farms studied, 20% of the farms are economically sustainable, 4% ecologically sustainable and 100% socioculturally sustainable. But only 1% of cocoa producing farms met all the sustainability requirements, since in the methodology used all dimensions must reach a value greater than 2 and the General Sustainability Index (ISG) must be greater than 2 The results reflect that important improvements must be made in the evaluated variables, especially in those that obtained a value less than 2, which will lead to optimizing resources, aimed at improving the productive units in the Simón Bolívar canton.es_ES
dc.description.abstractLa presente investigación es un estudio no experimental con un diseño no experimental con un diseño descriptivo – observacional, evaluativo – explicativo. El tamaño de la muestra tuvo un nivel de confianza de 90 % y un margen de error de 10 %, en donde se obtuvo un tamaño de 51 encuestas para productores del cacao nacional y 38 encuestas para productores de cacao CCN51. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se empleó la metodología multicriterio propuesta por Sarandón et al., (2006), quien considera el empleo de indicadores estandarizados y ponderados para las tres dimensiones: económica, ecológica y sociocultural. La técnica utilizada empleó escalas de 0 a 4, siendo 0 la categoría menos sustentable y 4, la más sustentable. En base a los resultados obtenidos se concluyó que la caracterización de fincas determinó aspectos importantes de los productores, en las dimensiones económicas, ecológicas y socioculturales, entre ellos, género predominante, edad, acceso a educación, ingresos mensuales, destino de la producción de animales, tenencia de la vivienda y otros. Las fincas productoras de cacao Nacional, obtuvieron un Índice General de Sustentabilidad (ISG) de 1,89, logrando un valor de 3,0 solo en el Indicador Sociocultural (ISC). En la dimensión económica y ecológica, alcanzaron un Indicador Económico (IK) de 1,2 y un Indicador Ecológico (IE) de 1,5, respectivamente. Se identificaron las causas de la baja sustentabilidad en las fincas productoras de cacao Nacional, entre las que se destacan: poca diversificación de cultivos, baja productividad, un solo canal de comercialización, problemas de riego, hileras de cacao sin direccionamiento, no se realiza manejo integrado de plagas o es poco frecuente, utilización de métodos de fertilización tradicionales, aplicación de fertilizantes químicos e insatisfacción de los productores en cuanto al sistema de producción. Las fincas productoras de cacao CCN-51, lograron un Índice General de Sustentabilidad (ISG) de 2,26, alcanzando un valor de 3,8 solo en el Indicador Sociocultural (ISC). En la dimensión económica y ecológica, alcanzaron un Indicador Económico (IK) de 1,5 y un Indicador Ecológico (IE) de 1,5, respectivamente. Se identificaron las causas de la baja sustentabilidad en las fincas productoras de cacao CCN-51, entre las que se destacan, poca diversificación de cultivos, pocas fuentes de crédito, un solo canal de comercialización, bajo porcentaje de cobertura vegetal, hileras de cacao sin direccionamiento, mínima biodiversidad temporal, dominio de una sola variedad, manejo integrado de plagas poco frecuente, utilización de métodos de fertilización tradicionales y aplicación de fertilizantes químicos. Según la investigación realizada de las 89 fincas estudiadas, el 20% de las fincas son económicamente sustentables, 4% ecológicamente sustentables y 100% socioculturalmente sustentables. Pero solamente el 1% de fincas productoras de cacao, cumplieron con todos los requisitos de la sustentabilidad, puesto que en la metodología utilizada todas las dimensiones deben alcanzar un valor superior a 2 y el Índice General de Sustentabilidad (ISG) debe ser mayor a 2.Los resultados reflejan que se deben realizar mejoras importantes en las variables evaluadas, sobre todo en aquellas que se obtuvieron un valor inferior a 2, lo que conllevará a optimizar los recursos, encaminados al mejoramiento de las unidades de productivas en el cantón Simón Bolívar.es_ES
dc.format.extent99 p.es_ES
dc.language.isoeses_ES
dc.publisherBabahoyoes_ES
dc.relation.ispartofseriesC-UTB-CEPOS-MPV-000020;
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/*
dc.subjectCaracterizaciónes_ES
dc.subjectsustentabilidades_ES
dc.subjectdimensión ecológicaes_ES
dc.subject.otherAGRONOMIAes_ES
dc.titleCaracterización y evaluación de la sustentabilidad de fincas productoras de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en el cantón Simón Bolívar, provincia del Guayases_ES
dc.typebachelorThesises_ES


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