Proceso de atención nutricional en paciente masculino con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y desnutrición crónica.
| dc.contributor.advisor | Rodríguez Díaz, Carmen Dominga | |
| dc.contributor.author | Aguirre Vásquez, Juan Andrés | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-10-19T04:57:02Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-10-19T04:57:02Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/17572 | |
| dc.description | The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a chronic disease that compromises the immune system, posing a significant public health challenge. In Ecuador, the prevalence of HIV has increased, with over 39,000 people living with the disease according to the Ministry of Public Health in 2023. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that proper nutrition is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and preventing complications. This study aimed to develop a nutritional care process for a 40-year-old male patient with HIV and chronic malnutrition. The presumptive diagnosis was HIV-associated cachexia, while the definitive diagnosis was HIV disease. Dietary analysis revealed poor nutrition, contributing to weight loss and anemia. Severe malnutrition was diagnosed through clinical, anthropometric, and dietary evaluations, leading to a proposed intervention involving a hypercaloric, high-protein diet of 2000 kcal, supplemented with enteral support. The treatment included monthly follow-ups for three months, resulting in significant improvements in anthropometric and biochemical indicators, such as weight gain, BMI, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. These findings underscore the importance of nutritional support in the recovery of HIV patients, enhancing their overall condition and preventing additional complications. | es_ES |
| dc.description | The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a chronic disease that compromises the immune system, posing a significant public health challenge. In Ecuador, the prevalence of HIV has increased, with over 39,000 people living with the disease according to the Ministry of Public Health in 2023. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that proper nutrition is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and preventing complications. This study aimed to develop a nutritional care process for a 40-year-old male patient with HIV and chronic malnutrition. The presumptive diagnosis was HIV-associated cachexia, while the definitive diagnosis was HIV disease. Dietary analysis revealed poor nutrition, contributing to weight loss and anemia. Severe malnutrition was diagnosed through clinical, anthropometric, and dietary evaluations, leading to a proposed intervention involving a hypercaloric, high-protein diet of 2000 kcal, supplemented with enteral support. The treatment included monthly follow-ups for three months, resulting in significant improvements in anthropometric and biochemical indicators, such as weight gain, BMI, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. These findings underscore the importance of nutritional support in the recovery of HIV patients, enhancing their overall condition and preventing additional complications. | es_ES |
| dc.description.abstract | El Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) es una enfermedad crónica que compromete el sistema inmunológico, y su manejo efectivo es un desafío de salud pública. En Ecuador, la prevalencia del VIH ha aumentado, con más de 39,000 personas viviendo con la enfermedad según datos del Ministerio de Salud Pública en 2023. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) destaca que una nutrición adecuada es crucial para mejorar la efectividad del tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) y prevenir complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un proceso de atención nutricional para un paciente masculino de 40 años con VIH y desnutrición crónica. El diagnóstico presuntivo fue caquexia asociada a VIH, mientras que el diagnóstico definitivo fue enfermedad por VIH. El análisis dietético mostró una alimentación deficiente, lo que contribuyó a la pérdida de peso y anemia. Se implementó un soporte nutricional oral. Se diagnosticó desnutrición grave mediante evaluación clínica, antropométrica y dietética, y se propuso una intervención nutricional con una dieta hipercalórica e hiperproteica de 2000 kcal, complementada con soporte enteral. El tratamiento incluyó un seguimiento mensual durante tres meses, logrando una mejora significativa en indicadores antropométricos y bioquímicos, como el aumento de peso, IMC, y niveles de hemoglobina y hematocrito. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia del soporte nutricional en la recuperación de pacientes con VIH, mejorando su estado general y evitando complicaciones adicionales. | es_ES |
| dc.format.extent | 41 p. | es_ES |
| dc.language.iso | es | es_ES |
| dc.publisher | Babahoyo: UTB-FCS, 2024 | es_ES |
| dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ | * |
| dc.subject | Desnutrición | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Nutrición | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Recuperación | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Terapia | es_ES |
| dc.subject | VIH | es_ES |
| dc.subject.other | Nutrición | es_ES |
| dc.title | Proceso de atención nutricional en paciente masculino con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y desnutrición crónica. | es_ES |
| dc.type | bachelorThesis | es_ES |
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