Líneas genéticas de maíz (Zea mays L.), que benefician la embriogénesis somática para la regeneración de las plantas in vitro
| dc.contributor.advisor | Reyes Borja, Walter Oswaldo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Rivera Mera, Samuel Angel | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-10-27T15:31:21Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-10-27T15:31:21Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/14843 | |
| dc.description | The cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) is of economic importance for many countries, so much so that worldwide its production reached 383.94 million tons in 2021, and 40% of this production is used especially in animal feed. There are programmes dedicated to the genetic improvement of maize; However, there are also agricultural biotechnologies that help the development of this crop, to achieve varieties with better yields. To meet the requirements of the Practical Component of the Complex Character Examination, this work met the following objectives: Define the feasibility of applying the technique and the benefits of somatic embryogenesis in corn, to regenerate plants under in vitro conditions; and Identify genetic lines that have the potential to be used to genetically modify corn plants. The literature review was carried out to determine the benefit provided by the technique of tissue culture under controlled conditions and in vitro plant reproduction through somatic embryogenesis, it has been allowed to develop genetic lines that provide optimal characteristics of plant regeneration. In vitro somatic embryogenesis consists of taking explants of somatic cells, subjected to growth regulators, cultured under conditions of humidity, light, and controlled temperature. Plant cells have a great capacity for reproduction due to the totipotency they have, which allows corn cultivation to advance with the help of plant biotechnology. The results of the research carried out under the framework of this theme, mention that in the induction the embryos that show cream-colored embryogenic calluses are achieved, which were in greater quantity and development, through the time of treatment in in vitro conditions and by interactions with auxins. This allowed to identify the genetic lines of corn that provide benefit to the somatic embryogenesis technique, such as the following: CML 78; CML 332; CML 395 and CML 442, which regenerated and formed embryonic calluses, maize genetic lines that were developed at CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) in Mexico. | es_ES |
| dc.description | The cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) is of economic importance for many countries, so much so that worldwide its production reached 383.94 million tons in 2021, and 40% of this production is used especially in animal feed. There are programmes dedicated to the genetic improvement of maize; However, there are also agricultural biotechnologies that help the development of this crop, to achieve varieties with better yields. To meet the requirements of the Practical Component of the Complex Character Examination, this work met the following objectives: Define the feasibility of applying the technique and the benefits of somatic embryogenesis in corn, to regenerate plants under in vitro conditions; and Identify genetic lines that have the potential to be used to genetically modify corn plants. The literature review was carried out to determine the benefit provided by the technique of tissue culture under controlled conditions and in vitro plant reproduction through somatic embryogenesis, it has been allowed to develop genetic lines that provide optimal characteristics of plant regeneration. In vitro somatic embryogenesis consists of taking explants of somatic cells, subjected to growth regulators, cultured under conditions of humidity, light, and controlled temperature. Plant cells have a great capacity for reproduction due to the totipotency they have, which allows corn cultivation to advance with the help of plant biotechnology. The results of the research carried out under the framework of this theme, mention that in the induction the embryos that show cream-colored embryogenic calluses are achieved, which were in greater quantity and development, through the time of treatment in in vitro conditions and by interactions with auxins. This allowed to identify the genetic lines of corn that provide benefit to the somatic embryogenesis technique, such as the following: CML 78; CML 332; CML 395 and CML 442, which regenerated and formed embryonic calluses, maize genetic lines that were developed at CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) in Mexico. | es_ES |
| dc.description.abstract | El cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.), es de importancia económica para muchos países, tal es así que a nivel mundial su producción alcanzó 383,94 millones de toneladas en el año 2021, y un 40 % de esta producción se utiliza especialmente en la alimentación animal. Existen programas que se dedican al mejoramiento genético del maíz; sin embargo, también existen biotecnologías agrícolas que ayudan al desarrollo de este cultivo, para alcanzar variedades con mejores rendimientos. Para cumplir con los requisitos del Componente Práctico del Examen de Carácter Complexivo, este trabajo cumplió con los siguientes objetivos: Definir la factibilidad de la aplicación de la técnica y los beneficios de la embriogénesis somática en maíz, para regenerar las plantas en condiciones in vitro; e Identificar las líneas genéticas que tengan potencial para ser utilizadas para modificar genéticamente las plantas de maíz. Se realizó la revisión de literatura para determinar el beneficio que brinda la técnica de cultivo de tejidos en condiciones controladas y reproducción de plantas in vitro mediante la embriogénesis somática, se ha permitido desarrollar líneas genéticas que brindan características óptimas de regeneración de las plantas. La embriogénesis somática in vitro, consiste en tomar explantes de células somáticas, sometidas a reguladores de crecimiento, cultivadas bajo condiciones de humedad, luz, y temperatura controlada. Las células vegetales presentan gran capacidad de reproducción debido a la totipotencia que tienen, lo que permite que cultivo de maíz avance con la ayuda de la biotecnología vegetal. Los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas bajo el marco de esta temática mencionan que en la inducción se logra los embriones que muestran callos embriogénicos color crema, los cuales fueron en mayor cantidad y desarrollo, mediante el tiempo de tratamiento en condiciones in vitro y por interacciones con las auxinas. Esto permitió identificar a las líneas genéticas de maíz que brindan beneficio a la técnica embriogénesis somática como son las siguientes: CML 78; CML 332; CML 395 y CML 442, las que se regeneraron y formaron callos embrionarios, líneas genéticas de maíz que fueron desarrolladas en el CIMMYT (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo) de México. | es_ES |
| dc.format.extent | 21 p. | es_ES |
| dc.language.iso | es | es_ES |
| dc.publisher | BABAHOYO: UTB, 2023 | es_ES |
| dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Ecuador | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ec/ | * |
| dc.subject | Embriogénesis somática | es_ES |
| dc.subject | In vitro | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Totipotencia | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Líneas genéticas | es_ES |
| dc.title | Líneas genéticas de maíz (Zea mays L.), que benefician la embriogénesis somática para la regeneración de las plantas in vitro | es_ES |
| dc.type | bachelorThesis | es_ES |
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