Efecto del biocida AGROCELHONE (1,3 Dicloropropeno y Cloropicrina) sobre la biota bacteriana y fúngica del suelo en el cultivo de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L)
| dc.contributor.advisor | Hasang Moran, Edwin Stalin | |
| dc.contributor.author | Zumba Vera, Braulio Rolando | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-08-30T17:22:43Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-08-30T17:22:43Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/12441 | |
| dc.description | The crop of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) is considered one of the non-traditional crops of Ecuador, however, it is an important item for the country's economy due to the income of foreign exchange through its exports, generating direct and indirect sources of employment to the economically active population. However, it is the target of phytosanitary problems that put the investments made by farmers at risk. Various soil pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, and nematodes generate complex diseases in tobacco plants. Fungi such as Phytophthora sp., Rhyzoctonia solani, Phytium sp. and Fusarium spp. cause significant economic losses in each production cycle when the necessary preventive measures are not taken. In this sense, the present investigation sought to reduce the impact generated by microbial populations in tobacco cultivation by applying the biocide AGROCELHONE (1,3 Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin). For this purpose, an experiment was established based on the application of three doses (factor A) of the biocide (20 g, 30 g, and 40 g) at three depths (Factor b) of the soil (20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm ), distributed in a design of divided plots with 10 treatments and three repetitions, nine of the treatments corresponded to the combination of the factors under study, while the tenth was the control (0 g of the biocide). At eight, 22, and 55 days, the populations of bacteria and fungi (CFU g-1 soil), the number of phytopathogenic and free-living nematodes (NVL) (individuals in 100 g-1 soil) present in the soil of the treatments analyzed. Finally, after culminating with the harvest of the leaves, an economic analysis was carried out to determine the most profitable treatment (USD). It was determined that AGROCELHONE in the three doses applied, did not affect the populations of bacteria and NVL, detecting a growth stimulating effect generated by the biocide towards these microbial groups. On the other hand, it exerted an antifungal and nematicidal effect on the populations of fungi and phytonematodes, reflected in the significant reduction of the number of CFU g-1 of soil, and individuals in 100 g-1 soil. The high doses (30 g and 40 g) of the biocide caused a decrease in the populations of phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes in the deepest profiles of the soil (30 cm and 40 cm) up to 55 days after applying AGROCELHONE, and also generated greater net gains positive per ha-1 (3350 USD to 8600 USD). The lack of efficient biocidal products for the control of soil phytopathogens has always been a limitation for horticultural production, however, in this research work it was shown that AGROCELHONE is a product that can be used efficiently to reduce pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases in tobacco crops. | es_ES |
| dc.description | The crop of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) is considered one of the non-traditional crops of Ecuador, however, it is an important item for the country's economy due to the income of foreign exchange through its exports, generating direct and indirect sources of employment to the economically active population. However, it is the target of phytosanitary problems that put the investments made by farmers at risk. Various soil pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, and nematodes generate complex diseases in tobacco plants. Fungi such as Phytophthora sp., Rhyzoctonia solani, Phytium sp. and Fusarium spp. cause significant economic losses in each production cycle when the necessary preventive measures are not taken. In this sense, the present investigation sought to reduce the impact generated by microbial populations in tobacco cultivation by applying the biocide AGROCELHONE (1,3 Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin). For this purpose, an experiment was established based on the application of three doses (factor A) of the biocide (20 g, 30 g, and 40 g) at three depths (Factor b) of the soil (20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm ), distributed in a design of divided plots with 10 treatments and three repetitions, nine of the treatments corresponded to the combination of the factors under study, while the tenth was the control (0 g of the biocide). At eight, 22, and 55 days, the populations of bacteria and fungi (CFU g-1 soil), the number of phytopathogenic and free-living nematodes (NVL) (individuals in 100 g-1 soil) present in the soil of the treatments analyzed. Finally, after culminating with the harvest of the leaves, an economic analysis was carried out to determine the most profitable treatment (USD). It was determined that AGROCELHONE in the three doses applied, did not affect the populations of bacteria and NVL, detecting a growth stimulating effect generated by the biocide towards these microbial groups. On the other hand, it exerted an antifungal and nematicidal effect on the populations of fungi and phytonematodes, reflected in the significant reduction of the number of CFU g-1 of soil, and individuals in 100 g-1 soil. The high doses (30 g and 40 g) of the biocide caused a decrease in the populations of phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes in the deepest profiles of the soil (30 cm and 40 cm) up to 55 days after applying AGROCELHONE, and also generated greater net gains positive per ha-1 (3350 USD to 8600 USD). The lack of efficient biocidal products for the control of soil phytopathogens has always been a limitation for horticultural production, however, in this research work it was shown that AGROCELHONE is a product that can be used efficiently to reduce pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases in tobacco crops. | es_ES |
| dc.description.abstract | El cultivo de Nicotiana tabacum (tabaco) es considerado uno de los cultivos no tradicionales del Ecuador, sin embargo, es un rubro importante para la economía del país debido al ingreso de divisas a través de sus exportaciones, generando fuentes de empleo directas e indirectas a la población económicamente activa. No obstante, es blanco de problemas fitosanitarios que ponen en riesgo las inversiones realizadas por los agricultores. Varios fitopatógenos del suelo, como hongos, bacterias, y nematodos generan enfermedades complejas en las plantas de tabaco. Los hongos como Phytophthora sp., Rhyzoctonia solani, Phytium sp. y Fusarium spp. ocasionan pérdidas económicas importantes en cada ciclo de producción cuando no se toman las medidas de prevención necesarias. En este sentido, la presente investigación buscó reducir el impacto generado por las poblaciones microbianas en el cultivo de tabaco mediante la aplicación del biocida AGROCELHONE (1,3 Dicloropropeno y Cloropicrina). Para el efecto se estableció un experimento basado en la aplicación de tres dosis (factor A) del biocida (20 g, 30 g, y 40 g) a tres profundidades (Factor b) del suelo (20 cm, 30 cm, y 40 cm), distribuido en un diseño de parcelas divididas con 10 tratamientos y tres repeticiones, nueve de los tratamientos correspondieron a la combinación de los factores en estudio, mientras que el décimo fue el control (0 g del biocida). A los ocho, 22, y 55 días se evaluó las poblaciones de bacterias y hongos (UFC g-1 suelo), el número de nematodos fitopatógenos y de vida libre (NVL) (individuos en 100 g-1 suelo) presentes en el suelo de los tratamientos analizados. Finalmente, luego de culminar con la cosecha de las hojas, se realizó un análisis económico para determinar el tratamiento más rentable (USD). Se determinó que AGROCELHONE en las tres dosis aplicadas, no afectó las poblaciones de bacterias y NVL, detectándose un efecto estimulador del crecimiento generado por el biocida hacia estos grupos microbianos. Por otra parte, ejerció un efecto antifúngico y nematicida, sobre las poblaciones de hongos y fitonematodos, reflejado en la reducción significativa del número de UFC g-1 de suelo, e individuos en 100 g-1 suelo. Las dosis altas (30 g y 40 g) del biocida provocaron disminución de las poblaciones de hongos y nematodos fitopatógenos en los perfiles más profundos del suelo (30 cm y 40 cm) hasta los 55 días después de aplicar AGROCELHONE, y además generaron mayores ganancias netas positivas por ha-1 (3350 USD a 8600 USD). La falta de productos biocidas eficientes para el control de fitopatógenos del suelo, siempre ha sido una limitante para la producción hortícola, sin embargo, en este trabajo de investigación se demostró que AGROCELHONE es un producto que bien puede ser empleado eficientemente para reducir microorganismos patógenos causantes de enfermedades en el cultivo de tabaco. | es_ES |
| dc.format.extent | 75 p. | es_ES |
| dc.language.iso | es | es_ES |
| dc.publisher | BABAHOYO: UTB, 2022 | es_ES |
| dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Ecuador | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ec/ | * |
| dc.subject | Fitopatógenos | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Hongos del suelo | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Nematodos fitoparásitos | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Nematodos de vida libre | es_ES |
| dc.title | Efecto del biocida AGROCELHONE (1,3 Dicloropropeno y Cloropicrina) sobre la biota bacteriana y fúngica del suelo en el cultivo de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L) | es_ES |
| dc.type | masterThesis | es_ES |
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