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Uso de la biotecnología reproductiva para el mejoramiento genético mediante la transferencia de embriones en ganado bovino
| dc.contributor.advisor | Paredes Lozano, Lidia Leonor | |
| dc.contributor.author | Mora Monserrate, Karla Janela | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-04-11T14:07:03Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-04-11T14:07:03Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/16048 | |
| dc.description | Reproductive biotechnology, especially embryo transfer, is a crucial tool for genetic improvement in livestock, as it allows the multiplication of genetically superior animals, so accelerating genetic progress, facilitating the spread of desirable traits, preserving valuable genetic lines, and storing unique genetic resources that can be readily available for future use. Embryo transfer optimizes the genetic quality of livestock, which in turn enhances productivity in the agricultural sector and contributes to increased economic returns, as a greater number of calves from genetically superior animals are produced in a single estrous cycle. For embryo transfer to achieve the desired success, it is important to select and manage animals that will serve as donors, recipients, and sires. Therefore, the personnel involved must be trained to make the correct choices, properly manage protocols for donor superovulation, obtain the highest number of viable oocytes for fertilization, and then collect transferable embryos with high chances of resulting in pregnancy. Moreover, moving embryos, from a sanitary perspective, is the safest way to transport genetic material. The collected embryos can be transferred to the recipient immediately or preserved for an extended period at low temperatures. If transferred imminently, artificial synchronization of estrous cycles between the donor and recipient female is necessary. For the long-term storage of embryos, cryopreservation is employed, a process whereby cells or tissues are preserved at low temperatures, halting their metabolic activity; this method is being replaced by vitrification. However, pregnancy rates remain lower than those obtained when transferring fresh embryos, prompting new research to innovate and develop effective techniques and instruments. | es_ES |
| dc.description | Reproductive biotechnology, especially embryo transfer, is a crucial tool for genetic improvement in livestock, as it allows the multiplication of genetically superior animals, so accelerating genetic progress, facilitating the spread of desirable traits, preserving valuable genetic lines, and storing unique genetic resources that can be readily available for future use. Embryo transfer optimizes the genetic quality of livestock, which in turn enhances productivity in the agricultural sector and contributes to increased economic returns, as a greater number of calves from genetically superior animals are produced in a single estrous cycle. For embryo transfer to achieve the desired success, it is important to select and manage animals that will serve as donors, recipients, and sires. Therefore, the personnel involved must be trained to make the correct choices, properly manage protocols for donor superovulation, obtain the highest number of viable oocytes for fertilization, and then collect transferable embryos with high chances of resulting in pregnancy. Moreover, moving embryos, from a sanitary perspective, is the safest way to transport genetic material. The collected embryos can be transferred to the recipient immediately or preserved for an extended period at low temperatures. If transferred imminently, artificial synchronization of estrous cycles between the donor and recipient female is necessary. For the long-term storage of embryos, cryopreservation is employed, a process whereby cells or tissues are preserved at low temperatures, halting their metabolic activity; this method is being replaced by vitrification. However, pregnancy rates remain lower than those obtained when transferring fresh embryos, prompting new research to innovate and develop effective techniques and instruments. | es_ES |
| dc.description.abstract | La biotecnología reproductiva, especialmente la transferencia de embriones, es una herramienta muy importante para el mejoramiento genético en la ganadería de bovinos, pues permite multiplicar genéticamente a los animales superiores, acelerando así el progreso genético, facilitando la propagación de rasgos deseables, la preservación de líneas genéticas valiosas y almacenamiento de recursos genéticos únicos que puedan disponerse con relativa facilidad para su posible utilización futura. Con la transferencia de embriones, se contribuye a la mejora de la productividad en el sector agropecuario, y por ende al incremento del rendimiento económico, pues se consigue un mayor número de terneros de animales genéticamente superior en un solo ciclo estral. Para tener el éxito deseado se debe realizar un adecuado proceso de selección y manejo de los animales que cumplirán su función como donadoras, receptoras y semental, es por eso que el encargado debe estar capacitado para la correcta elección, manejar adecuadamente los protocolos para la superovulación de las donadoras, obtener la mayor cantidad de ovocitos viables para ser fertilizados y luego recolectar embriones transferibles con elevadas posibilidades de producir preñez. Asimismo, mover embriones, desde el punto de vista sanitario, es la forma más segura de transportar material genético. Los embriones recolectados pueden ser transferidos a la receptora de forma inmediata o conservarse durante un periodo prolongado a bajas temperaturas. Si se transfieren de forma inminente, es necesario realizar la sincronización artificial de los ciclos estrales entre la hembra donante y receptora. Para el almacenamiento prolongado de embriones con mayor frecuencia, se recurre a la criopreservación y aunque este método está siendo reemplazado por la vitrificación, las tasas de gestación siguen siendo menores que al transferir embriones frescos, es por esto que surgen nuevas investigaciones para innovar y desarrollar técnicas e instrumentos eficaces. | es_ES |
| dc.format.extent | 28 p. | es_ES |
| dc.language.iso | es | es_ES |
| dc.publisher | BABAHOYO: UTB, 2024 | es_ES |
| dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Ecuador | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ec/ | * |
| dc.subject | Transferencia de embriones | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Bovino | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Reproducción | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Donantes | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Receptora | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Superovulación | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Mejoramiento genético | es_ES |
| dc.title | Uso de la biotecnología reproductiva para el mejoramiento genético mediante la transferencia de embriones en ganado bovino | es_ES |
| dc.type | bachelorThesis | es_ES |
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