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Principales insectos plagas en el cultivo de aguacate (Persea americana L.) en el Ecuador
| dc.contributor.advisor | Olvera Contreras, Orlando | |
| dc.contributor.author | Cano Morejón, Deniss Jamilet | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-10-29T00:30:41Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-10-29T00:30:41Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/14898 | |
| dc.description | The avocado is a fleshy exotic fruit obtained from the tropical tree of the same name. In some parts of South America, it is known as Palta or avocado. Avocado cultivation occurs in more than 60 countries, Mexico stands out as the main producing country. According to INEC data, 7,195 hectares in Ecuador are dedicated to growing avocado in the provinces where avocado is produced are Carchi (36%), Pichincha (31%), Imbabura (18%), Tungurahua (8%) and Santa Elena (7%) on the coast. There are several problems present in the commercial production of avocado in Ecuador, among them the attack of pests, which reduces the quality and quantity of fruits. Some authors indicate that between 15 - 25% of producers cite problems of this type, the presence of pests in the harvested product is one of the main limitations in the admissibility of fruits. The objective of the work was to characterize the main insect pests in avocado cultivation in Ecuador. In this sense, information was collected from relevant bibliographic sources to determine the situation raised above. After reviewing the documents, the presence of a constant group of pest insects in the avocado crop is visible. These pests are mainly found in the mountain region, due to the presence of more technical commercial plantations, the vast majority of which are monoculture or with little association of species. This generates a prevalence of inocula for the manifestation of insects. The study also shows a participation of defoliating insects, these attack to a lesser extent, but remain a problem especially in the architecture of the tree. However, the decrease in leaf area is linked to the photosynthesis of the plants, a lower leaf area would affect the formation of chlorophyll, so the formation of photosynthates would fall, causing a loss in the size of the fruits. The pests with the greatest presence in commercial avocado plantations in Ecuador are: Red Spider, Seed Borer, Thrips, Mealybugs, Aphids, Basket Worm, Green Fly and Fruit Fly | es_ES |
| dc.description | The avocado is a fleshy exotic fruit obtained from the tropical tree of the same name. In some parts of South America, it is known as Palta or avocado. Avocado cultivation occurs in more than 60 countries, Mexico stands out as the main producing country. According to INEC data, 7,195 hectares in Ecuador are dedicated to growing avocado in the provinces where avocado is produced are Carchi (36%), Pichincha (31%), Imbabura (18%), Tungurahua (8%) and Santa Elena (7%) on the coast. There are several problems present in the commercial production of avocado in Ecuador, among them the attack of pests, which reduces the quality and quantity of fruits. Some authors indicate that between 15 - 25% of producers cite problems of this type, the presence of pests in the harvested product is one of the main limitations in the admissibility of fruits. The objective of the work was to characterize the main insect pests in avocado cultivation in Ecuador. In this sense, information was collected from relevant bibliographic sources to determine the situation raised above. After reviewing the documents, the presence of a constant group of pest insects in the avocado crop is visible. These pests are mainly found in the mountain region, due to the presence of more technical commercial plantations, the vast majority of which are monoculture or with little association of species. This generates a prevalence of inocula for the manifestation of insects. The study also shows a participation of defoliating insects, these attack to a lesser extent, but remain a problem especially in the architecture of the tree. However, the decrease in leaf area is linked to the photosynthesis of the plants, a lower leaf area would affect the formation of chlorophyll, so the formation of photosynthates would fall, causing a loss in the size of the fruits. The pests with the greatest presence in commercial avocado plantations in Ecuador are: Red Spider, Seed Borer, Thrips, Mealybugs, Aphids, Basket Worm, Green Fly and Fruit Fly | es_ES |
| dc.description.abstract | El aguacate es un fruto exótico carnoso que se obtiene del árbol tropical del mismo nombre. En algunas partes de América del Sur se conoce como Palta o avocado. El cultivo de aguacate se produce en más de 60 países, México destaca como el principal país productor. Según datos del INEC, 7,195 hectáreas en Ecuador se dedican a cultivar aguacate en las provincias en las que se produce aguacate son Carchi (36%), Pichincha (31%), Imbabura (18%), Tungurahua (8%) y Santa Elena (7%) en la costa. Existen varias problemática presentes en la producción comercial de aguacate en Ecuador, entre estas el ataque de plagas, el cual disminuye la calidad y cantidad de frutos. Algunos autores indican que entre el 15 – 25 % de productores, aducen problemáticas de este tipo, la presencia de plagas en el producto cosechado es una de las principales limitantes en la admisibilidad de frutos. El objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar los principales insectos plagas en el cultivo de aguacate en el Ecuador. En este sentido se recabo información de fuentes bibliográficas relevantes para determinar la situación planteada anteriormente. Realizada la revisión de documentos es visible la presencia de un grupo constante de insectos plaga en el cultivo de aguacate. Estas plagas principalmente se encuentran en la región sierra, debido a la presencia de plantaciones comerciales más tecnificadas en su gran mayoría en monocultivo o con poca asociación de especies. Esto genera una prevalencia de inóculos para la manifestación de los insectos. El estudio también muestra, una participación de insectos defoliadores, estos atacan en menor medida, pero siguen siendo un problema sobre todo en la arquitectura del árbol. Sin embargo, la disminución de área foliar está ligada a la fotosíntesis de la plantas, menor área foliar afectaría la formación de clorofila, por lo que la formación de fotosintatos caería, ocasionando perdida en el tamaño de los frutos. Las plagas con mayor presencia en las plantaciones de aguacate comerciales en ecuador son: Araña Roja, Barrenador de la semilla, trips, cochinillas, áfidos, Gusano del cesto, Mosca verde y mosca de la fruta. | es_ES |
| dc.format.extent | 25 p. | es_ES |
| dc.language.iso | es | es_ES |
| dc.publisher | BABAHOYO: UTB, 2023 | es_ES |
| dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Ecuador | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ec/ | * |
| dc.subject | Aguacate | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Trips | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Mosca blanca | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Stenoma | es_ES |
| dc.title | Principales insectos plagas en el cultivo de aguacate (Persea americana L.) en el Ecuador | es_ES |
| dc.type | bachelorThesis | es_ES |
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