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dc.contributor.advisorVásconez Galarza, Gustavo
dc.contributor.authorMedina Pinoargote, Marcos Alejandro
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-12T16:05:55Z
dc.date.available2023-07-12T16:05:55Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/14659
dc.descriptionThe general objective of the present investigation was: To evaluate the in vitro antagonistic capacity of two strains of Trichoderma sp. against phytopathogens of cocoa pod. The present study was carried out in the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Babahoyo, located at Km 7.5 of the Babahoyo - Montalvo Road, province of Los Rios. For the antagonism tests of the fungus Trichoderma spp. against the phytopathogens Phytophthora spp. and M. roreri isolated from cocoa fruits, two strains (probably different species) were used. One strain 1 was isolated from plantations of T. cacao L. (cacao) from the Tropical Experimental Station Pichilingue of INIAP, and a second strain 2 was isolated from a crop of Capsicum annuum L. (bell pepper) in the canton of Portoviejo, province of Manabí. Ten treatments were applied, based on the dual combination of antagonistic fungi and phytopathogenic fungi, plus absolute controls, with five replicates per treatment, distributed in a complete randomized design (CRD). The experimental unit consisted of a 90 mm diameter Petri dish, adjusted to pH 5.5 and incubated at 25 ± 1 ºC, with alternating periods of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. For the determination of significant statistical differences between treatments for the variables analyzed, the Tukey test was applied at 5%. The following variables were evaluated: Radial growth rate, radial growth mean, radial growth rate, antagonist-pathogen contact time, radial growth inhibition percentage, substrate competition and mycoparasitism. The analysis of the results revealed the following: The isolates of M. roreri and P. spp presented the pathogenic and morphological characteristics desirable to develop the antagonism tests. Strain 1 (T. spp) and strain 2 (T. spp) presented excellent antagonistic characteristics on the control of M. roreri and P. spp. In relation to the dual confrontation, strain 2 (T. sp.) (39. 2 mm) presented a high accumulated radial growth on M. roreri (5.8 mm), in contrast to strain 1 (T. sp.) (37.2 mm) which presented a low accumulated radial growth on M. roreri (7.2 mm). In the dual confrontation, the treatment with strain 2 (T. sp) (19.6 mm) showed a higher mean radial growth over the pathogen M. roreri (2.9 mm) and the dual confrontation with strain 1 (T. sp) (18.6 mm) showed a higher mean radial growth over the pathogen M. roreri (3.9 mm). In the dual confrontation, the treatment with strain 1 (T. sp) (1.53 mm.h-1) showed a higher radial growth rate over the pathogen M. roreri (0.13 mm.h-1). In the dual confrontation with strain 1 (T. sp) (3.66 mm.h-1), it presented a superior radial growth rate over the pathogen P. spp (0.22 mm.h-1). In relation to the dual confrontation with strain 2 (T. sp) (1.63 mm.h-1), which showed a superior radial growth rate over the pathogen M. roreri (0.04 mm.h-1). A superior growth rate was obtained with strain 2 (T. sp) (3.64 mm.h-1) over the pathogen P. spp (0.84 mm.h-1). In the dual confrontation, the radial growth inhibition effect of strain 2 (T. spp.) was higher on the pathogen M. roreri (84.44 %), while for the pathogen P. spp (83.11 %) it was lower, unlike strain 1 (T. spp.) which showed a lower radial growth inhibition effect on M. roreri (81.33 %) and on P. spp (82.22 %). The radial growth inhibition effect of strain 1 (T. spp.) on the pathogen P. spp (84.44 %) was statistically equal to the radial growth inhibition effect of strain 2 (T. spp.) on P. spp (84 %). The mechanisms of antagonism found were mycoparasitism and competition for space and nutrients for T. spp. strains, located in grade 1 of the antagonism scale.es_ES
dc.descriptionThe general objective of the present investigation was: To evaluate the in vitro antagonistic capacity of two strains of Trichoderma sp. against phytopathogens of cocoa pod. The present study was carried out in the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Babahoyo, located at Km 7.5 of the Babahoyo - Montalvo Road, province of Los Rios. For the antagonism tests of the fungus Trichoderma spp. against the phytopathogens Phytophthora spp. and M. roreri isolated from cocoa fruits, two strains (probably different species) were used. One strain 1 was isolated from plantations of T. cacao L. (cacao) from the Tropical Experimental Station Pichilingue of INIAP, and a second strain 2 was isolated from a crop of Capsicum annuum L. (bell pepper) in the canton of Portoviejo, province of Manabí. Ten treatments were applied, based on the dual combination of antagonistic fungi and phytopathogenic fungi, plus absolute controls, with five replicates per treatment, distributed in a complete randomized design (CRD). The experimental unit consisted of a 90 mm diameter Petri dish, adjusted to pH 5.5 and incubated at 25 ± 1 ºC, with alternating periods of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. For the determination of significant statistical differences between treatments for the variables analyzed, the Tukey test was applied at 5%. The following variables were evaluated: Radial growth rate, radial growth mean, radial growth rate, antagonist-pathogen contact time, radial growth inhibition percentage, substrate competition and mycoparasitism. The analysis of the results revealed the following: The isolates of M. roreri and P. spp presented the pathogenic and morphological characteristics desirable to develop the antagonism tests. Strain 1 (T. spp) and strain 2 (T. spp) presented excellent antagonistic characteristics on the control of M. roreri and P. spp. In relation to the dual confrontation, strain 2 (T. sp.) (39. 2 mm) presented a high accumulated radial growth on M. roreri (5.8 mm), in contrast to strain 1 (T. sp.) (37.2 mm) which presented a low accumulated radial growth on M. roreri (7.2 mm). In the dual confrontation, the treatment with strain 2 (T. sp) (19.6 mm) showed a higher mean radial growth over the pathogen M. roreri (2.9 mm) and the dual confrontation with strain 1 (T. sp) (18.6 mm) showed a higher mean radial growth over the pathogen M. roreri (3.9 mm). In the dual confrontation, the treatment with strain 1 (T. sp) (1.53 mm.h-1) showed a higher radial growth rate over the pathogen M. roreri (0.13 mm.h-1). In the dual confrontation with strain 1 (T. sp) (3.66 mm.h-1), it presented a superior radial growth rate over the pathogen P. spp (0.22 mm.h-1). In relation to the dual confrontation with strain 2 (T. sp) (1.63 mm.h-1), which showed a superior radial growth rate over the pathogen M. roreri (0.04 mm.h-1). A superior growth rate was obtained with strain 2 (T. sp) (3.64 mm.h-1) over the pathogen P. spp (0.84 mm.h-1). In the dual confrontation, the radial growth inhibition effect of strain 2 (T. spp.) was higher on the pathogen M. roreri (84.44 %), while for the pathogen P. spp (83.11 %) it was lower, unlike strain 1 (T. spp.) which showed a lower radial growth inhibition effect on M. roreri (81.33 %) and on P. spp (82.22 %). The radial growth inhibition effect of strain 1 (T. spp.) on the pathogen P. spp (84.44 %) was statistically equal to the radial growth inhibition effect of strain 2 (T. spp.) on P. spp (84 %). The mechanisms of antagonism found were mycoparasitism and competition for space and nutrients for T. spp. strains, located in grade 1 of the antagonism scale.es_ES
dc.description.abstractLa presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general: Evaluar la capacidad antagónica in vitro de dos cepas de Trichoderma sp. frente a fitopatógenos de la mazorca del cacao. El presente estudio se realizó en el Laboratorio de Fitopatología de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, ubicada en el Km 7,5 de la vía Babahoyo - Montalvo, provincia de Los Ríos. Para las pruebas de antagonismo del hongo Trichoderma spp. frente a los fitopatógenos Phytophthora spp. y M. roreri aislados de frutos de cacao, se empleó dos cepas (probablemente especies diferentes). Una cepa 1 aislada desde plantaciones de T. cacao L. (cacao) de la Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue del INIAP, y una segunda cepa 2 aislada desde un cultivo de Capsicum annuum L. (pimiento) en el cantón Portoviejo, provincia de Manabí. Se aplicó 10 tratamientos, basados en la combinación dual de hongos antagonistas y hongos fitopatógenos, más testigos absolutos, con cinco repeticiones por tratamiento, distribuidos en un diseño completo al azar (DCA). La unidad experimental consistió en una placa de Petri de 90 mm de diámetro, ajustado a pH 5.5 e incubados a 25 ± 1 ºC, con períodos alternos de 12 horas luz y 12 oscuridad. Para la determinación de diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los tratamientos para las variables analizadas, se aplicó la prueba de Tukey al 5 %. Se evaluó las siguiente vvariables: Ritmo de crecimiento radial, Media de crecimiento radial, Tasa de crecimiento radial, Tiempo de contacto antagonista-patógeno, Porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento radial, Competencia por sustrato y Micoparasitismo. Mediante el análisis de los resultados se logró evidenciar lo siguiente: Los aislados de M. roreri y P. spp presentaron las características patogénicas y morfológicas deseables para desarrollar las pruebas de antagonismo. La cepa 1 (T. spp) y cepa 2 (T. spp) presentaron excelentes características antagónicas sobre el control de M. roreri y P. spp. En relación al enfrentamiento dual la cepa 2 (T. sp.) (39.2 mm) presento sobre M. roreri (5.8 mm), un alto crecimiento radial acumulado, a diferencia de la cepa 1 (T. sp.) (37.2 mm) que presento sobre M. roreri (7.2 mm), un bajo crecimiento radial acumulado. En el enfrentamiento dual el tratamiento con la cepa 2 (T. sp) (19.6 mm) presento una media de crecimiento radial superior sobre el patógeno M. roreri (2.9 mm).El enfrentamiento dual con la cepa 1 (T. sp) (18.6 mm) que presento una media de crecimiento radial superior sobre el patógeno M. roreri (3.9 mm). En el enfrentamiento dual el tratamiento con la cepa 1 (T. sp) (1.53 mm.h-1) presento una tasa de crecimiento radial superior sobre el patógeno M. roreri (0.13 mm.h-1). En el enfrentamiento dual con la cepa 1 (T. sp) (3.66 mm.h-1) que presento una tasa de crecimiento radial superior sobre el patógeno P. spp (0.22 mm.h-1). En relación al enfrentamiento dual con la cepa 2 (T. sp) (1.63 mm.h-1) que mostro una tasa de crecimiento radial superior sobre el patógeno M. roreri (0.04 mm.h-1). Se obtuvo una taza de crecimiento superior con la cepa 2 (T. sp) (3.64 mm.h-1) sobre el patógeno P. spp (0.84 mm.h-1). En el enfrentamiento dual el efecto de inhibición del crecimiento radial de la cepa 2 (T. spp.) fue mayor sobre el patógeno M. roreri (84.44 %), mientras que para el patógeno P. spp (83.11 %) fue menor, a diferencia de la cepa 1 (T. spp.) que mostro un menor efecto de inhibición del crecimiento radial sobre M. roreri (81.33 %) y sobre el P. spp (82.22 %). El efecto de inhibición del crecimiento radial de la cepa 1 (T. spp.) sobre el patógeno P. spp (84.44 %) fue estadísticamente igual al efecto de inhibición del crecimiento radial de la cepa 2 (T. spp.) sobre el P. spp (84 %). Los mecanismos de antagonismo encontrados fueron el micoparasitismo y competencia por espacio y nutrientes para las cepas de T. spp, ubicadas en el grado 1 de la escala de antagonismo.es_ES
dc.format.extent74 p.es_ES
dc.language.isoeses_ES
dc.publisherBABAHOYO: UTB, 2022es_ES
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Ecuador*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ec/*
dc.subjectFitopatógenoses_ES
dc.subjectAntagonismoes_ES
dc.subjectEficaciaes_ES
dc.subjectCacaoes_ES
dc.titleEvaluación de la capacidad antagónica in vitro de dos cepas de Trichoderma spp. frente a Moniliophthora roreri (Cif. & Par.) y Phytophthora spp. en mazorcas de Theobroma cacao L.es_ES
dc.typemasterThesises_ES


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