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Manejo integrado del hongo Phytophthora nicotianae, causante de la enfermedad pata prieta en tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum, L)
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ortiz Dicado, Juan | |
| dc.contributor.author | Bowen Álvarez, Irina Ximena | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-11-09T19:55:16Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-11-09T19:55:16Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/13150 | |
| dc.description | Pata prieta disease causes great crop losses and economic losses to the producer, because it is almost certain that the plants may not be able to produce due to premature death of the same; or affect by the decrease in yield in varying percentages, depending on the severity of the attack of the fungus. There are prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence of the disease pata prieta, which can integrate methodologies such as the use of tobacco varieties resistant to the fungus, cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical and integrated control. The information obtained was carried out through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, with the purpose that the reader knows about the integrated management of the fungus Phytophthora nicotianae causing the blackleg disease in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, L). From the above detailed it was determined that the fungus Phytophthora nicotianae acts by damaging the roots to the lower part of the stem of the tobacco plant. Symptoms vary according to the age of the plant and climatic situations. In seedlings, flowers necrotize and die quickly. In adult plants, Phytophthora nicotianae causes another disease which is root and stem blight, causing rapid wilting of the plant. The selection of disease-free areas to establish seedbeds and the crop is important to consider, in order to reduce the inoculum capacity of the pathogen in the soil, its incidence as a disease and irreversible damage to the crop. Crop rotation, at least for 3 consecutive years, was shown to drastically reduce the occurrence of the disease in tobacco plantations. In a field trial it was evidenced that tobacco showed a reduction of damage by P. nicotianae, due to the impact of the phytosanitary program applied through the effect of active substances including: Azoxystrobins, Cimoxanil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl and Dimethomorph. | es_ES |
| dc.description | Pata prieta disease causes great crop losses and economic losses to the producer, because it is almost certain that the plants may not be able to produce due to premature death of the same; or affect by the decrease in yield in varying percentages, depending on the severity of the attack of the fungus. There are prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence of the disease pata prieta, which can integrate methodologies such as the use of tobacco varieties resistant to the fungus, cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical and integrated control. The information obtained was carried out through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, with the purpose that the reader knows about the integrated management of the fungus Phytophthora nicotianae causing the blackleg disease in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, L). From the above detailed it was determined that the fungus Phytophthora nicotianae acts by damaging the roots to the lower part of the stem of the tobacco plant. Symptoms vary according to the age of the plant and climatic situations. In seedlings, flowers necrotize and die quickly. In adult plants, Phytophthora nicotianae causes another disease which is root and stem blight, causing rapid wilting of the plant. The selection of disease-free areas to establish seedbeds and the crop is important to consider, in order to reduce the inoculum capacity of the pathogen in the soil, its incidence as a disease and irreversible damage to the crop. Crop rotation, at least for 3 consecutive years, was shown to drastically reduce the occurrence of the disease in tobacco plantations. In a field trial it was evidenced that tobacco showed a reduction of damage by P. nicotianae, due to the impact of the phytosanitary program applied through the effect of active substances including: Azoxystrobins, Cimoxanil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl and Dimethomorph. | es_ES |
| dc.description.abstract | La enfermedad pata prieta ocasiona grandes pérdidas de cosecha y pérdidas económicas al productor, pues es casi seguro que las plantas quizás no lleguen a producir por la muerte prematura de las mismas; o afectar por la disminución del rendimiento en porcentajes variables, según la severidad del ataque del hongo. Existen medidas de prevención y control para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad pata prieta, pudiendo integrar metodologías, como el uso de variedades de tabaco resistentes al hongo, control cultural, mecánico, biológico, químico, y control integrado. La información obtenida fue efectuada mediante la técnica de análisis, síntesis y resumen, con la finalidad de que el lector conozca sobre el manejo integrado del hongo Phytophthora nicotianae causante de la enfermedad pata prieta en tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum, L). Por lo anteriormente detallado se determinó que el hongo Phytophthora nicotianae actúa dañando las raíces hasta la parte inferior del tallo de la planta de tabaco. Los síntomas varían según la edad de la planta y las situaciones climáticas. En las plántulas, las flores se necrosan y mueren rápidamente. En las plantas adultas, Phytophthora nicotianae provoca otra enfermedad que es el tizón de la raíz y del tallo, ocasionando el rápido marchitamiento de la planta. La selección de áreas libres de la enfermedad para establecer semilleros y el cultivo es importante tener en cuenta, para reducir la capacidad de inóculo del patógeno en el suelo, su incidencia como enfermedad y el daño irreversible al cultivo. La rotación de cultivos, al menos durante 3 años consecutivos, demostró favorece la reducción drástica de la aparición de la enfermedad en las plantaciones de tabaco. En un ensayo en campo se evidencio que el tabaco presento una disminución de daños por P. nicotianae, debido al impacto del programa fitosanitario aplicado mediante el efecto de las sustancias activas incluidas: Azoxistrobinas, Cimoxanil, Mancozeb, Fosetil y Dimetomorfo | es_ES |
| dc.format.extent | 30 p. | es_ES |
| dc.language.iso | es | es_ES |
| dc.publisher | BABAHOYO: UTB, 2022 | es_ES |
| dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Ecuador | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ec/ | * |
| dc.subject | Phytophthora nicotianae | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Tabaco | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Daños | es_ES |
| dc.subject | Manejo | es_ES |
| dc.title | Manejo integrado del hongo Phytophthora nicotianae, causante de la enfermedad pata prieta en tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum, L) | es_ES |
| dc.type | bachelorThesis | es_ES |
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