Trabajo Experimental-Ingeniería Agronómica
http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/2108
2024-03-28T11:04:29ZEvaluación de tres niveles de caldo microbiológico en el rendimiento del cultivo organopónico de Marigold (Tagetes erecta), en la zona de Babahoyo
http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/9412
Evaluación de tres niveles de caldo microbiológico en el rendimiento del cultivo organopónico de Marigold (Tagetes erecta), en la zona de Babahoyo
Santillán Castro, Fernando Fabian
El presente estudio se realizó en el área de agricultura orgánica, en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos; ubicada en el Km 7 1/2 de la vía Babahoyo – Montalvo.
Como material experimental se utilizaron semillas seleccionadas de marigold. Los tratamientos estuvieron constituidos por las dosis de Caldo microbiológico 2 L, Caldo microbiológico 4 L, Caldo microbiológico 6 L, Caldo microbiológico 8 L, Caldo microbiológico 10 L y NPK de testigo. En el presente trabajo experimental se empleó el Diseño denominado Bloque Completos al Azar, con seis tratamientos (Caldo microbiológico y NPK testigo) y cuatro repeticiones. Para estimar los efectos de los tratamientos se realizó la prueba de Tuckey al 5% de probabilidad.
Para el normal desarrollo del cultivo se efectuaron las labores necesarias, tales como construcción de cajoneras, colocación del sustrato, siembra, control de malezas, controles fitosanitarios, fertilización, riego y cosecha. Para determinar los resultados se evaluaron los datos de altura de planta, número de ramas, número de botones florales, rendimiento y análisis económico. Eligiendo cinco plantas al azar por cada uno de los tratamientos.
Según los resultados presentados se determinó que se alcanzó buenos resultados en el estudio de caldo microbiológico, mediante sistema organoponico; el tratamiento T5 Caldo microbiológico aplicando diez litros obtuvo la mayor altura; el mayor número de ramas lo obtuvo el tratamiento T4 Caldo microbiológico aplicando ocho litros; los tratamientos T2 Caldo microbiológico con aplicación de cuatro litros, T3 caldo microbiológico con aplicación de seis litros, T4 caldo microbiológico con aplicación de ocho litros, T5 Caldo microbiológico con aplicación de diez litros y de igual manera el testigo de NPK, obtuvieron la mayor cantidad de botones florales; el mejor rendimiento se alcanzó con la aplicación del tratamiento T3 Caldo microbiológico seis litros, con beneficio neto de $556.
It was held at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Babahoyo, Los Ríos province; located at Km 7 1/2 of the Babahoyo - Montalvo road.
Selected marigold seeds were used as experimental material. The treatments consisted of the doses of 2 L microbiological broth, 4 L microbiological broth, 6 L microbiological broth, 8 L microbiological broth, 10 L microbiological broth and control NPK. In the present experimental work, the Design called Complete Random Block was used, with six treatments (microbiological broth and control NPK) and four repetitions. To estimate the effects of the treatments, the Tukey test was performed at 5% probability.
For the normal development of the crop, the necessary tasks were carried out, such as construction of drawers, placement of the substrate, planting, weed control, phytosanitary controls, fertilization, irrigation and harvesting. To determine the results, the data of plant height, number of branches, number of flower buds, yield and economic analysis were evaluated. Choosing five plants at random for each of the treatments.
According to the results presented, it was determined that good results were achieved in the study of the microbiological broth, using the organoponic system; treatment T5 Microbiological broth applying ten liters obtained the highest height; The highest number of branches was obtained by the T4 Microbiological broth treatment applying eight liters; The treatments T2 microbiological broth with application of four liters, T3 microbiological broth with application of six liters, T4 microbiological broth with application of eight liters, T5 Microbiological broth with application of ten liters and in the same way the control of NPK, obtained the highest quantity of flower buds; the best performance was achieved with the application of treatment T3 Microbiological broth six liters, with a net benefit of $ 556.; It was held at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Babahoyo, Los Ríos province; located at Km 7 1/2 of the Babahoyo - Montalvo road.
Selected marigold seeds were used as experimental material. The treatments consisted of the doses of 2 L microbiological broth, 4 L microbiological broth, 6 L microbiological broth, 8 L microbiological broth, 10 L microbiological broth and control NPK. In the present experimental work, the Design called Complete Random Block was used, with six treatments (microbiological broth and control NPK) and four repetitions. To estimate the effects of the treatments, the Tukey test was performed at 5% probability.
For the normal development of the crop, the necessary tasks were carried out, such as construction of drawers, placement of the substrate, planting, weed control, phytosanitary controls, fertilization, irrigation and harvesting. To determine the results, the data of plant height, number of branches, number of flower buds, yield and economic analysis were evaluated. Choosing five plants at random for each of the treatments.
According to the results presented, it was determined that good results were achieved in the study of the microbiological broth, using the organoponic system; treatment T5 Microbiological broth applying ten liters obtained the highest height; The highest number of branches was obtained by the T4 Microbiological broth treatment applying eight liters; The treatments T2 microbiological broth with application of four liters, T3 microbiological broth with application of six liters, T4 microbiological broth with application of eight liters, T5 Microbiological broth with application of ten liters and in the same way the control of NPK, obtained the highest quantity of flower buds; the best performance was achieved with the application of treatment T3 Microbiological broth six liters, with a net benefit of $ 556.
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZEfectos del nitrógeno y potasio en el comportamiento agronómico del tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en la variedad “habana 2000, en la zona de Ricaurte
http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/9358
Efectos del nitrógeno y potasio en el comportamiento agronómico del tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en la variedad “habana 2000, en la zona de Ricaurte
Álava Narváez, Juan de Jesús
El tabaco es un cultivo de gran valor comercial para el Ecuador, entre las variedades que más se siembra en el país están: Virginia con una hectáreaje aproximado de 800 ha y Burley con unas 300 ha sembradas, conocidos en el mercado como rubios, y el tabaco de capa (1000 ha) el mismo que resulta más complicado producirlo que los anteriores, ya que es más exigente en cuanto a la calidad de hoja. El presente trabajo experimental se realizó en los terrenos de la finca “Intabaco” propiedad del Ing. Javier Guizado, ubicada en el cantón Montalvo, provincia de los Ríos. Se buscó determinar el efecto del nitrógeno y potasio en el comportamiento agronómico del tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en la variedad “habana 2000. Como material vegetal se empleó la variedad “habana 2000. Con esto se evaluó los efectos de las dosis de los productos sobre el comportamiento agronómico. Se utilizó el diseño experimental bloques completos al azar, con 17 tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron las variables: altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, longitud de hoja, ancho de hoja, área foliar y peso de hoja. Las variables evaluadas fueron expuestas al análisis de varianza, y se aplicó la prueba de Tukey al 5% de significancia para determinar la diferencia estadística entre las medias de los tratamientos. Indicados los resultados experimentales se logró significancia estadística en todas las variables. El tratamiento Urea 200 kg/ha + Muriato de potasio 50 kg/ha (91,50 cm2) presento la mayor área foliar y generó mayor peso de hojas de tabaco.
Tobacco is a crop of great commercial value for Ecuador, among the varieties that are planted the most in the country are: Virginia with an approximate hectare of 800 ha and Burley with about 300 ha planted, known in the market as rubios, and the layer tobacco (1000 ha) the same one that is more complicated to produce than the previous ones, since it is more demanding in terms of leaf quality. The present experimental work was carried out on the land of the “Intabaco” farm owned by Eng. Javier Guizado, located in the Montalvo canton, Los Ríos province. It was sought to determine the effect of nitrogen and potassium on the agronomic behavior of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in the variety “habana 2000. The variety“ habana 2000 was used as plant material. With this, the effects of the doses of the products on agronomic behavior. The randomized complete blocks experimental design was used, with 17 treatments and three repetitions. The variables were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and leaf weight. The variables evaluated were exposed to the analysis of variance, and the Tukey test was applied at 5% significance to determine the statistical difference between the means of the treatments. Once the experimental results were indicated, statistical significance was achieved in all the variables. The treatment Urea 200 kg / ha + Muriate of potassium 50 kg / ha (91.50 cm2) presented the largest foliar area and generated greater weight of tobacco leaves.; Tobacco is a crop of great commercial value for Ecuador, among the varieties that are planted the most in the country are: Virginia with an approximate hectare of 800 ha and Burley with about 300 ha planted, known in the market as rubios, and the layer tobacco (1000 ha) the same one that is more complicated to produce than the previous ones, since it is more demanding in terms of leaf quality. The present experimental work was carried out on the land of the “Intabaco” farm owned by Eng. Javier Guizado, located in the Montalvo canton, Los Ríos province. It was sought to determine the effect of nitrogen and potassium on the agronomic behavior of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in the variety “habana 2000. The variety“ habana 2000 was used as plant material. With this, the effects of the doses of the products on agronomic behavior. The randomized complete blocks experimental design was used, with 17 treatments and three repetitions. The variables were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and leaf weight. The variables evaluated were exposed to the analysis of variance, and the Tukey test was applied at 5% significance to determine the statistical difference between the means of the treatments. Once the experimental results were indicated, statistical significance was achieved in all the variables. The treatment Urea 200 kg / ha + Muriate of potassium 50 kg / ha (91.50 cm2) presented the largest foliar area and generated greater weight of tobacco leaves.
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZComportamiento agronómico del cultivo de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdarifa) sometidos a diferentes distanciamientos de siembra y dosis de fertilización edáfica en Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno
http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/9141
Comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdarifa) sometidos a diferentes distanciamientos de siembra y dosis de fertilización edáfica en Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno
Aguillon Palma, José Gonzalo
El presente trabajo experimental se realizará en los terrenos de la finca “COMARGARA S.A.” propiedad del Sr. Marco Pineda, en el cantón Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno “Jujan” –Guayas. Las coordenadas UTM son 656666.814 E y 9783501.198 N, con una altura de 7 msmn. La zona tiene un clima tropical, con una temperatura media anual de 24,2 °C, precipitación anual 1 879 mm, humedad relativa de 82 %. El suelo es profundo de textura arcillosa, drenaje y fertilidad regular.
Se utilizó la variedad denominada Víctor, proveniente del Sector El Inca, provincia del Pichincha. Se estudiaron nueve tratamientos, con diferentes distanciamientos de siembra como: (1 m entre plantas y 0.80 m entre hileras; 1 m entre plantas y 1.10 m entre hileras, y 1 m entre plantas y 1.5 m entre hileras), y dosis de fertilización edáfica que se basados en los siguientes niveles (219 kg/ha N, 60 kg/ha P, 105 kg/ha K; 146 kg/ha N, 40 kg/ha P, 70 kg/ha K; 73 kg/ha N, 20 kg/ha P, 35 kg/ha K). Para el efecto la aplicación se realizó a los 30, 60 y 90 días después de la siembra.
Los datos evaluados fueron los siguientes: Porcentaje de emergencia, Prendimiento de plantas, Altura de planta, Diámetro del tallo, Días a la floración, Días a la Maduración Fisiológica, Número de Flores, Diámetro de Flor, Peso de la Flor, Rendimiento de Flores y análisis económico.
La variable rendimiento determinó que el tratamiento 1, en la interacción niveles de fertilización y densidad de siembra (219 kg/ha N, 60 kg/ha P, 105 kg/ha K; 1,00 m x 0,80 m) la mayor producción fue de 466,20 kg/ha. Seguido del tratamiento 2, con (146 kg/ha N, 40 kg/ha P, 70 kg/ha K y distanciamiento de 1,00 x 0,80 m) con 461,58 kg/ha. Y que él tratamiento 3 (73 kg/ha N, 20 kg/ha P, 35 kg/ha K y con distanciamiento de 1 m entre plantas y 0.80 m entre hileras) tiene la mayor relación beneficio neto/costo de 2,14. Posee un costo de producción (1659,63 dólares/ha).
The present experimental work will be carried out in the lands of the farm “COMARGARA S.A” property of Mr. Marco Pineda, in the canton Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno “Jujan” –Guayas. The UTM coordinates are 656666.814 E and 9783501.198 N, with a height of 7 msmn. The area has a tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 24.2 ° C, annual rainfall 1 879 mm, relative humidity 82%.The soil is deep with a clay texture, drainage and regular fertility.
The variety called Víctor was used, from the El Inca Sector, Pichincha province. Nine treatments were studied, with different planting distances such as: (1 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows; 1 m between plants and 1.10 m between rows, and 1 m between plants and 1.5 m between rows), and edaphic fertilization doses based on the following levels (219 kg / ha N, 60 kg / ha P, 105 kg / ha K; 146 kg / ha N, 40 kg / ha P, 70 kg / ha K; 73 kg / ha N, 20 kg / ha P, 35 kg / ha K). For this purpose, the application was carried out at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing.
The data evaluated were the following: Percentage of emergence, Plant seizure, Plant height, Stem diameter, Days to flowering, Days to Physiological Maturation, Number of Flowers, Flower Diameter, Flower Weight, Flower Yield and economic analysis.
The yield variable determined that treatment 1, in the interaction of fertilization levels and sowing density (219 kg/ha N, 60 kg/ha P, 105 kg/ha K; 1,00 m x 0,80 m) the highest production was 466.20 kg / ha.
Followed by treatment 2, with (146 kg / ha N, 40 kg / ha P, 70 kg / ha K and spacing of 1.00 x 0.80 m) with 461.58 kg / ha. And that treatment 3 (73 kg / ha N, 20 kg / ha P, 35 kg / ha K and with a distance of 1 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows) has the highest net benefit / cost ratio of 2.14. It has a production cost (1659.63 dollars / ha).; The present experimental work will be carried out in the lands of the farm “COMARGARA S.A” property of Mr. Marco Pineda, in the canton Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno “Jujan” –Guayas. The UTM coordinates are 656666.814 E and 9783501.198 N, with a height of 7 msmn. The area has a tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 24.2 ° C, annual rainfall 1 879 mm, relative humidity 82%.The soil is deep with a clay texture, drainage and regular fertility.
The variety called Víctor was used, from the El Inca Sector, Pichincha province. Nine treatments were studied, with different planting distances such as: (1 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows; 1 m between plants and 1.10 m between rows, and 1 m between plants and 1.5 m between rows), and edaphic fertilization doses based on the following levels (219 kg / ha N, 60 kg / ha P, 105 kg / ha K; 146 kg / ha N, 40 kg / ha P, 70 kg / ha K; 73 kg / ha N, 20 kg / ha P, 35 kg / ha K). For this purpose, the application was carried out at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing.
The data evaluated were the following: Percentage of emergence, Plant seizure, Plant height, Stem diameter, Days to flowering, Days to Physiological Maturation, Number of Flowers, Flower Diameter, Flower Weight, Flower Yield and economic analysis.
The yield variable determined that treatment 1, in the interaction of fertilization levels and sowing density (219 kg/ha N, 60 kg/ha P, 105 kg/ha K; 1,00 m x 0,80 m) the highest production was 466.20 kg / ha.
Followed by treatment 2, with (146 kg / ha N, 40 kg / ha P, 70 kg / ha K and spacing of 1.00 x 0.80 m) with 461.58 kg / ha. And that treatment 3 (73 kg / ha N, 20 kg / ha P, 35 kg / ha K and with a distance of 1 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows) has the highest net benefit / cost ratio of 2.14. It has a production cost (1659.63 dollars / ha).
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZEvaluación de la persistencia en el suelo de cuatro nematicidas comerciales para el manejo de nemátodos fitoparásitos
http://dspace.utb.edu.ec/handle/49000/9098
Evaluación de la persistencia en el suelo de cuatro nematicidas comerciales para el manejo de nemátodos fitoparásitos
Monar Chica, Erwing Enrique
El trabajo se realizó en el vivero de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo. El objetivo principal fue evaluar la persistencia de los nematicidas terbufos (Counter 15% G.), cadusafos (Rugby 10% G), etoprop (Mocap 15% G.) y fluopyram (Verango 50 SC) en el suelo; determinar la densidad poblacional Meloidogyne spp, en las raíces de tomate durante ocho días después de la perdida de persistencia, y evaluar el efecto de estos nematicidas en la reproducción del nemátodo. Las dosis de los nematicidas granulados fueron 2,0 g p.c/planta y de Verango 0,03 cc/planta con tres repeticiones. Se utilizó a Meloidogyne spp. y tomate cv. “Floradade” como referenciales, suelo solarizado, semilleros elaborados en bandejas germinativas y Compost como substrato. Cada producto se asperjó en 63 fundas plásticas de 3 kg de capacidad, cada dos días después de aplicación se trasplantó una planta de tomate con tres repeticiones y se colocó alrededor de la raíces 10 cm3 de suelo infectado con 1000 J2 de Meloidogyne spp. A los 15 días de inoculación del nemátodo se extrajeron las plantas hasta encontrar agallas en las raíces. Los datos evaluados fueron número de agallas y densidad poblacional del nemátodo en raíces y suelo. Según los resultados obtenidos, el tiempo de persistencia que presentaron los nematicidas fue bajo. Se registró 36 días para terbufos, 26 días etoprop y 20 días para cadusafos y fluopyram (Verango). La densidad poblacional de Meloidogyne spp. en raíces de tomate a los ocho días de la pérdida de persistencia de los nematicidas terbufos, etoprop, cadusafos y Verango fue de 183, 317, 558 y 567 J2/planta, respectivamente. Los nematicidas probados afectaron considerablemente el ingreso de los nemátodos inoculados en las raíces y la reproducción de los mismos, mientras que en el testigo en la mayoría de evaluaciones este valor superó a 1.
The work was carried out in the nursery of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Babahoyo. The main objective was to evaluate the persistence of the nematicidas terbufos (Counter 15% G.), cadusafos (Rugby 10% G), etoprop (Mocap 15% G.) and fluopyram (Verango 50 SC) in the soil; to determine the population density of Meloidogyne spp, in tomato roots for eight days after the loss of persistence, and to evaluate the effect of these nematicidas on nematode reproduction. The doses of the granulated nematicidas were 2.0 g p.c/plant and Verango 0.03 cc/plant with three repetitions. Meloidogyne spp. and tomato cv. "Floradade" as references, solarized soil, seedlings made in germination trays and Compost as substrate. Each product was sprinkled in 63 plastic bags of 3 kg capacity, every two days after application a tomato plant was transplanted with three repetitions and 10 cm3 of soil infected with 1000 J2 of Meloidogyne spp was placed around the roots. At 15 days of inoculation of the nematode, the plants were extracted until galls were found on the roots. The data evaluated were number of galls and population density of the nematode in roots and soil. According to the results obtained, the persistence time presented by the nematicidas was low. 36 days were recorded for terbufos, 26 days for etoprop and 20 days for cadusafos and fluopyram (Verango). The population density of Meloidogyne spp. in tomato roots, eight days after the loss of persistence of the nematicidas terbufos, etoprop, cadusafos and Verango was 183, 317, 558 and 567 J2/plant, respectively. The nematicidas tested considerably affected the entry of the inoculated nematodes into the roots and the its reproduction, while in the control in most evaluations this value exceeded 1.; The work was carried out in the nursery of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Babahoyo. The main objective was to evaluate the persistence of the nematicidas terbufos (Counter 15% G.), cadusafos (Rugby 10% G), etoprop (Mocap 15% G.) and fluopyram (Verango 50 SC) in the soil; to determine the population density of Meloidogyne spp, in tomato roots for eight days after the loss of persistence, and to evaluate the effect of these nematicidas on nematode reproduction. The doses of the granulated nematicidas were 2.0 g p.c/plant and Verango 0.03 cc/plant with three repetitions. Meloidogyne spp. and tomato cv. "Floradade" as references, solarized soil, seedlings made in germination trays and Compost as substrate. Each product was sprinkled in 63 plastic bags of 3 kg capacity, every two days after application a tomato plant was transplanted with three repetitions and 10 cm3 of soil infected with 1000 J2 of Meloidogyne spp was placed around the roots. At 15 days of inoculation of the nematode, the plants were extracted until galls were found on the roots. The data evaluated were number of galls and population density of the nematode in roots and soil. According to the results obtained, the persistence time presented by the nematicidas was low. 36 days were recorded for terbufos, 26 days for etoprop and 20 days for cadusafos and fluopyram (Verango). The population density of Meloidogyne spp. in tomato roots, eight days after the loss of persistence of the nematicidas terbufos, etoprop, cadusafos and Verango was 183, 317, 558 and 567 J2/plant, respectively. The nematicidas tested considerably affected the entry of the inoculated nematodes into the roots and the its reproduction, while in the control in most evaluations this value exceeded 1.
2021-01-01T00:00:00Z